What Are the Factors of 8?
Cut a pizza into 8 slices and you can share it with 1, 2, 4 or 8 people without a single slice left over. Each of those group sizes is a factor. A factor is a whole number that divides another number exactly, with no remainder.
The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4 and 8. That is four factors, and every one of them is a power of 2.
Factor Pairs of 8
Do not test numbers at random. Look for pairs that multiply to 8, working from the outside in.

- Start with 1 × 8. Every number has this pair.
- Try 2. Since 8 ÷ 2 = 4, write 2 × 4.
- Try 3. It leaves a remainder, and the next number to test would be 4, which is already written, so you are done.
Prime Factorization of 8 With a Factor Tree
Prime factors show what 8 is built from. Split it into two numbers, then keep splitting until every branch is a prime.

So 8 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 2³. Only one prime appears, the number 2, used three times.
Count the factors with the exponent
Add 1 to the exponent: 3 + 1 = 4. That matches the four factors we listed, and the trick works for any power of a single prime.
Is 8 a Prime or Composite Number?
Composite. It has four factors instead of two. It is also a cube number, since 2 × 2 × 2 = 8. The factors add up to 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 15.
Real-Life Uses of the Factors of 8
- Computers. A byte is 8 bits, so memory sizes keep doubling in neat steps of 2.
- Music. An octave spans 8 notes, which split into groups of 2 or 4 beats.
- A work day. Eight hours divides into two 4-hour halves or four 2-hour blocks.
Common Factors of 8 With Other Numbers
The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12, so 8 and 12 share 1, 2 and 4. The GCF is 4, and it simplifies 8/12 to 2/3.
Quick Practice
Which of these are factors of 8: 3, 4 or 6? Only 4. 8 ÷ 3 leaves 2 and 8 ÷ 6 leaves 2. Now try 16 and compare it with the calculator.